This dataset contains budget and spending data for City Initiatives that use American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA) or Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021 (CRRSAA) federal funds. Each row is a different "Initiative Detailed", which is IBO's understanding of the purpose of the funding. IBO developed seven categories of initiative to standardize the comparison of budgeted and spent amounts across agencies: "Initiative Category". The IBO definitions of these categories are below, in order of prioritization (e.g. if a budget code fits the definition of 2. COVID Response – Public Programs and 4. Programmatic Support, it is listed under 2). If readers require more detailed information on spending, the underlying data with the previous initiative names is available for download.
1. Covid Response – City Operations: Spending to keep city agencies operating during the Covid pandemic, such as city employee leave for quarantining and vaccinations, air purifiers, personal protective equipment (PPE) for city employees, etc.
2. Covid Response – Public Programs: Programs created to protect people in New York City from Covid-19.
3. Direct Human Services: Public services provided to meet the financial, physical, or mental needs of New York City residents. This includes ongoing services for housing, food, addiction treatment, childcare, education, anti-poverty, etc. These services are either provided by the government or a nonprofit.
4. Programmatic Support: Funds used on temporary governmental programs. Note: this includes youth training and summer work programs because they are optional and extra-curricular, while public education and adult job training programs are direct human services.
5. Government Operations: Federal funding supplemented lost revenue during the pandemic-related recession. These funds are for Other than Personal Spending, those administrative costs or public services provided in perpetuity (as opposed to services defined as Programmatic Support).
6. Personnel/Staffing: Federal funding supplemented lost revenue during the pandemic-related recession. These funds are for salaries and wages paid to city employees, often called “Personal Services.” Salaries and wages related to Covid response, temporary programs, and direct human services are excluded from this category.
7. Hiring & Attrition Management: Administrative costs related to managing the inflow and outflow of city employees.
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Aggregation of all city-funded encumbrances coded by agencies as being related to the COVID-19 pandemic, allocated to FMS defined expense types.
This data was collected from March 10, 2020 through June 29, 2021 and is no longer being updated.
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Aggregation of all city-funded encumbrances coded by agencies as being related to the COVID-19 pandemic, allocated to IBO-defined expense types. This data was collected from March 10, 2020 through June 29, 2021 and is no longer being updated.
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Daily summary of citywide and agency COVID-19 related encumbrances. This data was collected from March 10, 2020 through June 29, 2021 and is no longer being updated.
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813 views
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Various data tables on student demographics, school enrollment trends, characteristics of traditional public school students and charter school students, student achievement, budget and school resources, principal and teacher information, building and school utilization and the availability of specialized facilities.
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Taxes are grouped into six major categories: property, general sales, personal income, business income, real estate-related, and other. We also separate non-exported and exported taxes, that is, taxes levied on New York City resident households and businesses and taxes levied on nonresidents. Taxes in the former category enter into the calculation of New York City tax effort. The latter category includes sales and other taxes on hotel occupancy, city income taxes paid by commuters into the city, and portions of state and MTA auto rental taxes remitted in the city. We could not, however, estimate and net out non-hotel sales and other taxes paid by visitors to the city. Nor could we account, as we did in our previous report, for any New York City tax imports, that is, taxes of other, non-overlapping jurisdictions paid by city residents.1
For brief descriptions of the tables and figures along with methodological notes please see the Tax Effort Background and Methodology document.
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Annual spending by and behalf of the Department of Education since 1990, adjusted for inflation
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Number of tax filers/payers using various tax credits and amount of credit, by income ranges
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Number of tax filers/payers and total city tax liability by income ranges
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Number of tax filers/payers and income from various types of income by income ranges
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Number of tax filers/payers and total income by income ranges
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Amount of debt outstanding as of June 30 of each year.
SOURCES: IBO; New York City Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Comptroller (various years); Annual Report of the Comptroller on Capital Debt and Obligations (various years); New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (various years)
NOTES: 1In determining what to include as outstanding debt of the City of New York, IBO considered: (1) the city's obligation (contractual and moral) to repay the debt, (2) whether the revenues pledged toward the repayment of the debt would have otherwise accrued to the city, and (3) whether the proceeds of the debt issuance accrue directly to the city.
2GO debt is net of bonds held for debt service on other city-related obligations, referred to in the Comptroller's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) as Treasury Obligations. The 2000–2002 CAFRs show outstanding general obligation debt, before Treasury Obligations, in 2000 and 2001 as $26,892 million and $26,836 million, respectively. However, CAFRs from 2003 on show higher GO debt for the two years, $353 million more for 2000 and $311 million more for 2001; the 2003 CAFR does not provide a note explaining the revisions. IBO uses the numbers reported from 2003 forward.
3Fiscal years 2000, 2002, and 2003 include short-term bond anticipation notes outstanding at year-end of $515 million, $2.2 billion, and $1.1 billion, respectively.
4For fiscal year 2000, Capital Lease Obligations to HHC and PCDC are reported jointly.
5In FY 2008, JSDC bonds outstanding were redeemed with GO bond proceeds, resulting in the elimination of JSDC debt, a reduction in conduit debt outstanding and partially accounting for the increase in GO debt from 2007 to 2008
General Obligation:
General obligation bonds are backed by the full faith and credit of the city. City property tax collections are pledged first to pay the principal and interest on these bonds.
Treasury Obligations:
Treasury obligations are New York City bonds held as investments by the city or by the related entities covered here, including MAC and SFC. They are netted out in order to avoid double counting of the city's obligations.
Transitional Finance Authority:
Created in 1997, the Transitional Finance Authority (TFA) is a separate legal entity from the City of New York. TFA General Purpose Bonds are secured by the city's collections of personal income tax and, if necessary, sales tax. Recovery Bonds, issued in response to the events of September 11, 2001 differ from general purpose bonds in that they are excluded from the calculation of outstanding TFA debt allowed under the debt limit.
TFA Building Aid Revenue Bonds:
In fiscal year 2006, the city was authorized by the state Legislature to assign to the TFA all or any portion of the state building aid payable to the city or its school district. The TFA in turn is authorized to issue bonds secured by the aid and dedicated to financing a portion of the city's educational facilities capital plan.
TSASC:
TSASC Inc. (formerly known as the Tobacco Settlement Asset Securitization Corporation) is a separate legal entity from the City of New York. TSASC bonds are secured by the corporation's purchase from the city of the future revenue stream under a settlement agreement resolving cigarette smoking-related litigation between the settling states and participating manufacturers.
Municipal Assistance Corporation for the City of New York:
The Municipal Assistance Corporation (MAC) was a separate legal entity from the City of New York, created in 1975 and formally dissolved in 2008. With New York City experiencing a severe fiscal crisis in 1975, MAC allowed the city continued access to credit markets and assisted in the prevention of a default of city general obligation bonds. MAC bonds were secured by state collections of certain sales and compensating use taxes (imposed by the state within the city at rates formerly imposed by the city), the stock transfer tax, and certain per capita state aid.
Samurai Funding Corporation:
The Samurai Funding Corporation (SFC) was a separate legal entity from the City of New York, which issued Japanese yen-denominated bonds. The yen-denominated bonds were secured by the proceeds of New York City general obligation bonds held by SFC.
Conduit Debt:
The city makes annual appropriations from its general fund for agreements with other entities that issue debt to build or maintain facilities on behalf of the city. These agreements are known as "leaseback" transactions, where the city makes rental payments to the partner entity in an amount sufficient to pay the entity's debt service on the securities issued for the respective capital expenditures. These entities, though legally separate from the city, either provide services exclusively to the city, have governance boards whose majority is appointed by the city, or are otherwise subject to the city's imposition of its will on the activities of the entity.
Excluded Items:
IBO considered several other items for inclusion as outstanding debt of the City of New York that were ultimately determined not to constitute obligations of the city, including: outstanding bonds of the Fiscal Year 2005 Securitization Corporation (FSC), outstanding bonds of the Sales Tax Asset Receivable Corporation (STAR), notes of the Hudson Yards Infrastructure Corporation (HYIC), and general capital lease obligations.
FSC is a financing instrumentality of the city, formed for the purpose of issuing bonds, the proceeds of which were used to acquire securities, held in escrow, which economically defeased city general obligation bonds. As the general obligation bonds in question are included in the calculation of outstanding general obligation debt, the inclusion of the FSC bonds as well would constitute a double counting. As such, IBO does not count FSC debt outstanding toward total New York City debt outstanding.
STAR is a financing instrumentality of the city, formed for the purpose of issuing bonds, the proceeds of which were used to assume the remaining obligations of MAC. STAR pays the debt service on these bonds with revenues received from the Local Government Assistance Corporation, a state entity whose revenues are 1 percent of the statewide sales tax. The debt of STAR is not an obligation of the city, and the revenues used to pay STAR debt service would not accrue to the city in the corporation's absence. As such, IBO does not count STAR debt outstanding toward total New York City debt outstanding.
HYIC entered into an agreement with the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) to purchase from the MTA Transferrable Development Rights. $200 million of notes were issued by HYIC, the proceeds of which were used to execute the transaction. Debt service on the notes was paid from the proceeds of the bonds issued by HYIC which are included in IBO's definition of outstanding debt under conduit debt. Therefore, inclusion in outstanding debt of the notes in addition to the bonds would constitute a double counting. As such, IBO does not count HYIC notes outstanding toward total New York City debt outstanding.
In addition to the capital leases deemed to be debt obligations of the city under conduit debt, various city agencies have entered into leases that have been determined under generally accepted accounting practices to be capital leases. Unlike issuers of conduit debt, the lessors of these general lease obligations do not exist to provide services exclusively to the city, do not have boards the majority of whose members are appointed by the city, or are not otherwise subject to the city's imposition of its will on their activities. These general capital lease obligations do not constitute an obligation of the city toward any bonds or other borrowing. As such, IBO does not count general capital lease obligations toward total New York City debt outstanding.
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New York City Annual Debt Service Expense from FY2000 – FY2020
Dollars in millions
SOURCES: IBO; Mayor's Office of Management and Budget (OMB); New York City Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Comptroller (various years); Annual Report of the Comptroller on Capital Debt and Obligations (various years); New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (various years).
NOTES:
(1) Debt service is the cost to New York City of repaying its outstanding debt, including both principal and interest. The figures in the table have been adjusted to reflect debt service that was originally scheduled for payment in each year since 2000.
(2) New York City is required to have a balanced annual budget. In years when it runs a surplus, the primary means the city uses to comply with this requirement is to use up some or all of the surplus by prepaying some of the subsequent years' debt service expenses. As a result, the cash outlay for debt service in a given year is not an accurate representation of the true cost of debt service in that year.
(3) The defeasance of $536 million of GO bonds in 2007 reduced debt service in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.
(4) The defeasance of $1.986 billion of GO bonds in 2008 reduced debt service in 2010. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.
(5) The defeasance of $718 million of TFA bonds in 2007 reduced debt service in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.
(6) The defeasance of $196 million of TFA bonds in 2013 reduced debt service in 2014, 2015, and 2016. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.
(7) The defeasance of $637 million of TFA bonds in 2015 with savings from Sales Tax Asset Receivable Corporation (STAR) reduced debt service in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.
(8) The defeasance of $65 million of Jay Street Development Corporation (JSDC) bonds in 2007 reduced debt service in 2009 and 2010. Debt service in the table is presented as if the defeasance had not occurred.
(9) TFA BARBs and TSASC are not included in OMB's or the Comptroller's definitions of New York City outstanding debt. For an explanation of these items, and their inclusion in NYC IBO's definition of New York City outstanding debt, please see New Outstanding Debt.
(10) In 2006, TSASC restructured its outstanding indebtedness. This included a one time expense of $161 million for redeeming all bonds issued under a secured loan agreement with the United States Department of Transportation, via the department's Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA) program. Additionally, all prior year TSASC bond series were defeased, leaving only series 2006-1 bonds outstanding.
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Annual capital expenditures, by capital budget area and agency, from FY 1985 - 2020. Source: Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports of the Comptroller
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Annual state and federal categorical aid by purpose of grant, from FY 1980 through FY 2020
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Annual non-tax revenue from major revenue sources, from FY 1980 through FY 2020
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Annual tax revenue from major tax sources, from FY 1980 - FY 2020.
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Actual full-time positions as of June 30 of each year by agency, from FY 1980 through FY 2020
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Annual spending for personal services and other than personal services(OTPS) within each city agency from FY 1980 through FY 2018. Source: Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports of the Comptroller
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Annual revenue and spending data by major areas of the budget from FY 1980 through FY 2020
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